Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic condition of the joints. OA can affect any joint, but it occurs most often in knees, hips, lower back and neck, small joints of the fingers and the bases of the thumb and big toe. In normal joints hyaline cartilage covers the end of each bone. Hyaline cartilage provides a smooth, gliding surface for joint motion and acts as a cushion between the bones. In OA, the cartilage breaks down, causing pain, swelling, and problems moving the joint. OA causes reduced muscle strength (particularly in those muscles around the affected joint), decreased flexibility, weight gain, limitation in the ability to do ADL activities, and often compromised mobility. Increased physical and psychological function and an increased feeling of well-being are the main goals of an integrated exercise program. Increased joint motion, enhancing muscle strength, increased aerobic capacity, and optimal body weight are immediate objectives.
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